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href="/categories/Web-APIs%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">Web APIs笔记</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span data-flag-title="Web APIs第一天"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="twikoo_visitors"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h3 id="获取DOM元素、修改属性"><a href="#获取DOM元素、修改属性" class="headerlink" title="获取DOM元素、修改属性"></a>获取DOM元素、修改属性</h3><h4 id="1-Web-API-基本认知"><a href="#1-Web-API-基本认知" class="headerlink" title="1. Web API 基本认知"></a>1. Web API 基本认知</h4><ol><li>就是使用 JS 去操作 html 和浏览器</li><li>分类：DOM (文档对象模型)、BOM（浏览器对象模型）</li></ol><img src="https://cdn1.tianli0.top/gh/web-xc/iMG/postss/webapi基本认知.jpg" style="zoom:33%"><h3 id="2-什么是DOM"><a href="#2-什么是DOM" class="headerlink" title="2. 什么是DOM"></a>2. 什么是DOM</h3><ol><li>DOM（Document Object Model——文档对象模型）是用来呈现以及与任意 HTML 或 XML文档交互的API</li><li>白话文：DOM是浏览器提供的一套专门用来 操作网页内容 的功能</li><li>DOM作用: 开发网页内容特效和实现用户交互</li><li>操作网页内容，可以开发网页内容特效和实现用户交互</li></ol><h4 id="3-DOM树"><a href="#3-DOM树" class="headerlink" title="3. DOM树"></a>3. DOM树</h4><ol><li>将 HTML 文档以树状结构直观的表现出来，我们称之为文档树或 DOM 树</li><li>描述网页内容关系的名词</li><li>作用：文档树直观的体现了标签与标签之间的关系</li></ol><img src="" data-lazy-src="https://cdn1.tianli0.top/gh/web-xc/iMG/postss/dom树.jpg" style="zoom:33%"><h3 id="4-DOM对象（重要）"><a href="#4-DOM对象（重要）" class="headerlink" title="4. DOM对象（重要）"></a>4. DOM对象（重要）</h3><ol><li><p>DOM对象：浏览器根据html标签生成的 JS对象</p></li><li><p>所有的标签属性都可以在这个对象上面找到</p></li><li><p>修改这个对象的属性会自动映射到标签身上</p></li><li><p>DOM的核心思想: 把网页内容当做对象来处理</p></li><li><p>document 对象: 是 DOM 里提供的一个对象</p></li><li><p>所以它提供的属性和方法都是用来访问和操作网页内容的</p></li><li><p>网页所有内容都在document里面</p></li><li><p>将 HTML 文档以树状结构直观的表现出来，我们称之为文档树或 DOM 树</p></li><li><p>作用：文档树直观的体现了标签与标签之间的关系</p></li><li><p>浏览器根据html标签生成的 JS对象（DOM对象）</p></li><li><p>DOM的核心就是把内容当对象来处理</p></li><li><p>是 DOM 里提供的一个对象</p></li><li><p>网页所有内容都在document里面</p></li></ol><h3 id="5-获取DOM元素"><a href="#5-获取DOM元素" class="headerlink" title="5. 获取DOM元素"></a>5. 获取DOM元素</h3><h3 id="1-根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素-重点"><a href="#1-根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素-重点" class="headerlink" title="1. 根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素 (重点)"></a>1. 根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素 (重点)</h3><ol><li>选择匹配的第一个元素</li></ol><p>包含一个或多个有效的CSS选择器 字符串</p><p>CSS选择器匹配的第一个元素,一个 HTMLElement对象。 如果没有匹配到，则返回null。</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.box li:last-child&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(num)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol start="2"><li>选择匹配的多个元素</li></ol><p>包含一个或多个有效的CSS选择器 字符串</p><p>CSS选择器匹配的NodeList 对象集合</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelectorAll</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.box li&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(num)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol><li>获取一个DOM元素我们使用谁？</li></ol><p>​ querySelector()</p><ol start="2"><li>获取多个DOM元素我们使用谁？<br>querySelectorAll()</li><li>querySelector() 方法能直接操作修改吗？<br>可以</li><li>querySelectorAll() 方法能直接修改吗？ 如果不能可以怎么做到修改？<br>不可以， 只能通过遍历的方式一次给里面的元素做修改</li></ol><h3 id="2-根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素-重点"><a href="#2-根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素-重点" class="headerlink" title="2. 根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素 (重点)"></a>2. 根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素 (重点)</h3><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 通过遍历方式 获取每一个dom对象/元素</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num1 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelectorAll</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.box li&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">let</span> num1 = <span class="number">0</span>; num1 &lt; num2.<span class="property">length</span>; num1++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(num2[num1])</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>得到的是一个伪数组：</p><ol><li>有长度有索引号的数组</li><li>但是没有 pop() push() 等数组方法</li><li>想要得到里面的每一个对象，则需要遍历（for）的方式获得</li><li>哪怕只有一个元素，通过querySelectAll() 获取过来的也是一个伪数组，里面只有一个元素而已</li></ol><h4 id="3-其他获取DOM元素方法（了解）"><a href="#3-其他获取DOM元素方法（了解）" class="headerlink" title="3. 其他获取DOM元素方法（了解）"></a>3. 其他获取DOM元素方法（了解）</h4><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 1. 根据id获取元素</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num1 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">getElementById</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;num&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(num1)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 2. 根据标签获取页面所有div</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num2 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">getElementsByTagName</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(num2)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 3. 根据类目获取页面所有类目</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num3 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">getElementsByClassName</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;nav&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(num3)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol><li>获取页面中的标签我们最终常用那两种方式？</li></ol><p>querySelectorAll() 和 querySelector()</p><ol start="2"><li>他们两者的区别是什么？</li></ol><p>querySelector() 只能选择一个元素， 可以直接操作</p><p>querySelectorAll() 可以选择多个元素，得到的是伪数组，需要遍历得到每一个元素</p><ol start="3"><li>他们两者小括号里面的参数有神马注意事项？</li></ol><p>里面写css选择器, 必须是字符串，也就是必须加引号</p><h3 id="6-设置-x2F-修改DOM元素内容"><a href="#6-设置-x2F-修改DOM元素内容" class="headerlink" title="6. 设置&#x2F;修改DOM元素内容"></a>6. 设置&#x2F;修改DOM元素内容</h3><p>DOM对象都是根据标签生成的,所以操作标签,本质上就是操作DOM对象, 就是操作对象使用的点语法。</p><ol><li>document.write()</li></ol><p>只能将文本内容追加到 前面的位置, 文本中包含的标签会被解析</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">write</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;哈喽&#x27;</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol start="2"><li>元素innerText 属性<br>将文本内容添加&#x2F;更新到任意标签位置, 文本中包含的标签不会被解析</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;div&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">num.<span class="property">innerText</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;&lt;h3&gt;你好&lt;/h3&gt;&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">num.<span class="property">innerText</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;你好呀&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol start="3"><li>元素innerHTML 属性<br>将文本内容添加&#x2F;更新到任意标签位置, 文本中包含的标签会被解析</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;div&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">num.<span class="property">innerHTML</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;&lt;h3&gt;您好啊&lt;/h3&gt;&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol><li><p>document.write() 方法 只能追加到body中</p></li><li><p>元素.innerText 属性 只识别内容，不能解析标签</p></li><li><p>元素.innerHTML 属性 能够解析标签</p></li><li><p>如果还在纠结到底用谁，你可以选择innerHTML</p></li><li><h4 id="随机抽取的名字显示到指定的标签内部"><a href="#随机抽取的名字显示到指定的标签内部" class="headerlink" title="随机抽取的名字显示到指定的标签内部"></a>随机抽取的名字显示到指定的标签内部</h4></li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 随机名字显示标签内部</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num1 = [<span class="string">&#x27;赵云&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;张飞&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;马超&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;曹操&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;吕布&#x27;</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num2 = <span class="title function_">fn</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, num1.<span class="property">length</span> - <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 通过innerHTML写入元素内部</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num3 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;span&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">num3.<span class="property">innerHTML</span> = num1[num2]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="7-设置-x2F-修改DOM元素属性"><a href="#7-设置-x2F-修改DOM元素属性" class="headerlink" title="7. 设置&#x2F;修改DOM元素属性"></a>7. 设置&#x2F;修改DOM元素属性</h3><h4 id="1-通过-JS-设置-x2F-修改标签元素属性，比如通过-src更换-图片"><a href="#1-通过-JS-设置-x2F-修改标签元素属性，比如通过-src更换-图片" class="headerlink" title="1. 通过 JS 设置&#x2F;修改标签元素属性，比如通过 src更换 图片"></a>1. 通过 JS 设置&#x2F;修改标签元素属性，比如通过 src更换 图片</h4><ol><li>最常见的属性比如： href、title、src 等</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;img&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 修改标签元素 图片src title href 等...</span></span><br><span class="line">num.<span class="property">src</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;./images/1.webp&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">num.<span class="property">title</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;这是刘德华&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="1-页面刷新-图片随机更换"><a href="#1-页面刷新-图片随机更换" class="headerlink" title="1. 页面刷新, 图片随机更换"></a>1. 页面刷新, 图片随机更换</h4><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num1 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.img1&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num2 = <span class="title function_">fn</span>(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">6</span>)</span><br><span class="line">num1.<span class="property">src</span> = <span class="string">`./images/<span class="subst">$&#123;num2&#125;</span>.webp`</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="2-可以通过-JS-设置-x2F-修改标签元素的样式属性"><a href="#2-可以通过-JS-设置-x2F-修改标签元素的样式属性" class="headerlink" title="2. 可以通过 JS 设置&#x2F;修改标签元素的样式属性"></a>2. 可以通过 JS 设置&#x2F;修改标签元素的样式属性</h4><ol><li>比如通过 轮播图小圆点自动更换颜色样式</li><li>点击按钮可以滚动图片，这是移动的图片的位置 left 等等</li></ol><h4 id="1-通过-style-属性操作CSS"><a href="#1-通过-style-属性操作CSS" class="headerlink" title="1. 通过 style 属性操作CSS"></a>1. 通过 style 属性操作CSS</h4><ol><li>修改样式通过style属性引出</li><li>如果属性有-连接符，需要转换为小驼峰命名法</li><li>赋值的时候，需要的时候不要忘记加css单位</li><li>因为我们是样式属性，一定别忘记，大部分数字后面都需要加单位</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 如果有 - 连接符 转换为小驼峰命名法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.box&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">num.<span class="property">style</span>.<span class="property">backgroundColor</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;skyblue&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">num.<span class="property">style</span>.<span class="property">borderRadius</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;10px&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="2-操作类名-className-操作CSS"><a href="#2-操作类名-className-操作CSS" class="headerlink" title="2. 操作类名(className) 操作CSS"></a>2. 操作类名(className) 操作CSS</h4><ol><li>如果修改的样式比较多，直接通过style属性修改比较繁琐，我们可以通过借助于css类名的形式</li><li>由于class是关键字, 所以使用className去代替</li><li>className是使用新值换旧值, 如果需要添加一个类,需要保留之前的类名</li><li>可以同时修改多个样式</li><li>直接使用 className 赋值会覆盖以前的类名</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 使用ClassName修改样式 可修改多个样式 但会覆盖以前类名</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.one&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">num.<span class="property">className</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;one box1&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="3-通过-classList-操作类控制CSS"><a href="#3-通过-classList-操作类控制CSS" class="headerlink" title="3. 通过 classList 操作类控制CSS"></a>3. 通过 classList 操作类控制CSS</h4><ol><li>为了解决className 容易覆盖以前的类名，我们可以通过classList方式追加和删除类名</li><li>修改大量样式的更方便</li><li>修改不多样式的时候方便</li><li>classList 是追加和删除不影响以前类名</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 使用ClaaList修改样式 修改样式方便 追加删除不影响以前类名</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num1 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.one1&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// add 是个方法 添加/追加</span></span><br><span class="line">num1.<span class="property">classList</span>.<span class="title function_">add</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;two&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// remove 移除</span></span><br><span class="line">num1.<span class="property">classList</span>.<span class="title function_">remove</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;two&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// toggle 切换 有就删 没有就加</span></span><br><span class="line">num1.<span class="property">classList</span>.<span class="title function_">toggle</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;two&#x27;</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="2-页面刷新，页面随机更换背景图片"><a href="#2-页面刷新，页面随机更换背景图片" class="headerlink" title="2. 页面刷新，页面随机更换背景图片"></a>2. 页面刷新，页面随机更换背景图片</h4><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num1 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;body&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num2 = [<span class="string">&#x27;skyblue&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;green&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;pink&#x27;</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num3 = <span class="title function_">fn</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, num2.<span class="property">length</span> - <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">num1.<span class="property">style</span>.<span class="property">backgroundColor</span> = <span class="string">`<span class="subst">$&#123;num2[num3]&#125;</span>`</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="8-设置-x2F-修改DOM元素属性"><a href="#8-设置-x2F-修改DOM元素属性" class="headerlink" title="8. 设置&#x2F;修改DOM元素属性"></a>8. 设置&#x2F;修改DOM元素属性</h3><ol><li>表单很多情况，也需要修改属性，比如点击眼睛，可以看到密码，本质是把表单类型转换为文本框</li><li>正常的有属性有取值的 跟其他的标签属性没有任何区别</li><li>获取: DOM对象.属性名, 设置: DOM对象.属性名 &#x3D; 新值</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;input type=<span class="string">&quot;text&quot;</span> value=<span class="string">&quot;请输入密码&quot;</span>&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 可取值/设置值 </span></span><br><span class="line">num1.<span class="property">value</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;请输入&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">num1.<span class="property">type</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;password&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>表单属性中添加就有效果,移除就没有效果,一律使用布尔值表示 如果为true 代表添加了该属性 如果是false 代 表移除了该属性</p><p>比如： disabled、checked、selected</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;button disabled&gt;按钮&lt;/button&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">&quot;checkbox&quot;</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">&quot;box&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml">// 1. disabled/不可用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml">let num1 = document.querySelector(&#x27;button&#x27;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml">num1.disabled = false </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml">// 2. checkbox 使用场景</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml">let num2 = document.querySelector(&#x27;.box&#x27;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml">num2.checked = true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="9-定时器-间歇函数"><a href="#9-定时器-间歇函数" class="headerlink" title="9. 定时器-间歇函数"></a>9. 定时器-间歇函数</h2><p>网页中经常会需要一种功能：每隔一段时间需要自动执行一段代码，不需要我们手动去触发</p><p>可以根据时间自动重复执行某些代码</p><h4 id="定时器函数可以开启和关闭定时器"><a href="#定时器函数可以开启和关闭定时器" class="headerlink" title="定时器函数可以开启和关闭定时器"></a>定时器函数可以开启和关闭定时器</h4><h4 id="1-开启定时器"><a href="#1-开启定时器" class="headerlink" title="1. 开启定时器"></a>1. 开启定时器</h4><ol><li>作用：每隔一段时间调用这个函数, 间隔时间单位是毫秒</li><li>函数名字不需要加括号, 定时器返回的是一个id数字</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">setInterval</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">write</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;前端&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;, <span class="number">200</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">fn</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">write</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;前端工程师&lt;br&gt;&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num = <span class="built_in">setInterval</span>(fn, <span class="number">100</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="2-关闭定时器"><a href="#2-关闭定时器" class="headerlink" title="2. 关闭定时器"></a>2. 关闭定时器</h4><ol><li>一般不会刚创建就停止，而是满足一定条件再停止</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">clearInterval</span>(num)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="3-倒计时效果"><a href="#3-倒计时效果" class="headerlink" title="3. 倒计时效果"></a>3. 倒计时效果</h4><ol><li>开始先把按钮禁用（disabled 属性）</li><li>一定要获取元素</li><li>函数内处理逻辑 秒数开始减减</li><li>按钮里面的文字跟着一起变化</li><li>如果秒数等于0 停止定时器 里面文字变为 同意 最后 按钮可以点击</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;textarea cols=<span class="string">&quot;30&quot;</span> rows=<span class="string">&quot;10&quot;</span>&gt;用户注册协议欢迎注册成为京东用户&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;br&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">button</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">&quot;btn&quot;</span> <span class="attr">disabled</span>&gt;</span>我已阅读用户协议(6)<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">button</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 1.获取 button 元素</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num1 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.btn&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 2.需要一个变量来计数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num2 = <span class="number">6</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 3.开启定时器 num3 序号id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num3 = <span class="built_in">setInterval</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    num2--</span><br><span class="line">    num1.<span class="property">innerHTML</span> = <span class="string">`我已阅读用户协议(<span class="subst">$&#123;num2&#125;</span>)`</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (num2 === <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 4.停止 清除定时器</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">clearInterval</span>(num3)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 5.开启 button 按钮</span></span><br><span class="line">        num1.<span class="property">disabled</span> = <span class="literal">false</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 6.开启后更换文字</span></span><br><span class="line">        num1.<span class="property">innerHTML</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;我同意用户协议&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;, <span class="number">200</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="10-网页轮播图效果"><a href="#10-网页轮播图效果" class="headerlink" title="10. 网页轮播图效果"></a>10. 网页轮播图效果</h3><ol><li>获取元素 (图片和文字)</li><li>设置定时器函数</li><li>设置一个变量++</li><li>更改图片张数</li><li>更改文字信息</li><li>处理图片自动复原从头播放</li><li>如果图片播放到最后一张就是第9张</li><li>则把变量重置为0</li><li>注意逻辑代码写到图片和文字变化的前面</li></ol><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;div <span class="keyword">class</span>=<span class="string">&quot;box&quot;</span>&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="language-xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">img</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">&quot;img&quot;</span> <span class="attr">src</span>=<span class="string">&quot;images/b01.jpg&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">&quot;box1&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">h3</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">&quot;text&quot;</span>&gt;</span>挑战云歌单，欢迎你来<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">h3</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-xml"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> data = [</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">imgSrc</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;images/b01.jpg&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">title</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;挑战云歌单，欢迎你来&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 1. 获取 图片/文字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num1 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.img&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num2 = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;.text&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 2. 记录图片张数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num3 = <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> num4 = <span class="built_in">setInterval</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    num3++</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 3. 修改图片和文字属性</span></span><br><span class="line">    num1.<span class="property">src</span> = data[num3].<span class="property">imgSrc</span></span><br><span class="line">    num2.<span class="property">innerHTML</span> = data[num3].<span class="property">title</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 无缝衔接 3种方法</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (num3 === <span class="number">8</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        num3 = -<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;, <span class="number">200</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><hr><h4 id="本节单词"><a href="#本节单词" class="headerlink" title="本节单词:"></a>本节单词:</h4><ol><li>setInterval</li><li>clearInterval</li><li>querySelector</li><li>querySelectorAll</li><li>innerText</li><li>innerHTML</li><li>disabled</li><li>className</li><li>classList</li><li>add</li><li>remove</li><li>toggle</li><li>getElementById</li><li>getElementsByTagName</li><li>getElementsByClassName</li></ol></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">本文作者:</span> <span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://webxc.eu.org">XC's 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class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96DOM%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E3%80%81%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">获取DOM元素、修改属性</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-Web-API-%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1. Web API 基本认知</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AFDOM"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. 什么是DOM</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-DOM%E6%A0%91"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3. DOM树</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-DOM%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%EF%BC%88%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">4. DOM对象（重要）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96DOM%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">5. 获取DOM元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AECSS%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%99%A8%E6%9D%A5%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96DOM%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">1. 根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素 (重点)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AECSS%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%99%A8%E6%9D%A5%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96DOM%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. 根据CSS选择器来获取DOM元素 (重点)</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96DOM%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%86%E8%A7%A3%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3. 其他获取DOM元素方法（了解）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE-x2F-%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9DOM%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">6. 设置&#x2F;修改DOM元素内容</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%8A%BD%E5%8F%96%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E5%88%B0%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8"><span class="toc-number">7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">随机抽取的名字显示到指定的标签内部</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE-x2F-%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9DOM%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">7. 设置&#x2F;修改DOM元素属性</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87-JS-%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE-x2F-%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%8C%E6%AF%94%E5%A6%82%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87-src%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2-%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87"><span class="toc-number">8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1. 通过 JS 设置&#x2F;修改标签元素属性，比如通过 src更换 图片</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0-%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1. 页面刷新, 图片随机更换</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87-JS-%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE-x2F-%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B7%E5%BC%8F%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. 可以通过 JS 设置&#x2F;修改标签元素的样式属性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87-style-%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9CCSS"><span class="toc-number">8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">1. 通过 style 属性操作CSS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B1%BB%E5%90%8D-className-%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9CCSS"><span class="toc-number">8.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. 操作类名(className) 操作CSS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87-classList-%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B1%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6CSS"><span class="toc-number">8.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">3. 通过 classList 操作类控制CSS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%EF%BC%8C%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87"><span class="toc-number">8.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. 页面刷新，页面随机更换背景图片</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#8-%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE-x2F-%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9DOM%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">8. 设置&#x2F;修改DOM元素属性</span></a></li></ol><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8-%E9%97%B4%E6%AD%87%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">9. 定时器-间歇函数</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">定时器函数可以开启和关闭定时器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1. 开启定时器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. 关闭定时器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E5%80%92%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C"><span class="toc-number">0.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">3. 倒计时效果</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E8%BD%AE%E6%92%AD%E5%9B%BE%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">10. 网页轮播图效果</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E8%8A%82%E5%8D%95%E8%AF%8D"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">本节单词:</span></a></li></ol></li></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/post/ds2s/" 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